The Hubble Space Telescope spotted light emitted from a supernova less than six hours after it occurred – the earliest we’ve ever seen such a distant supernova
, in which the gravity from a massive object – in this case, a galaxy in a relatively nearby cluster called Abell 370 – acts as a magnifying glass for the light behind it.
In the Hubble image, not only is the light from the supernova magnified, it is also duplicated. This happens when light from the background object is dragged in multiple directions around the foreground object, creating multiple images of the background object. Because the light must travel a different distance on each unique path, these images show snapshots of multiple stages of the supernova’s evolution.
“Core-collapse supernovae mark the death of massive stars, which are short-lived because they burn up quickly compared to stars with less mass,” says Chen. “Thus, the rate of core-collapse supernovae should track the formation rate of massive stars.” This means that by studying supernovae like this one, we may be able to learn more about how star formation worked in the early universe.
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