Bumblebees learn new 'trends' in their behavior by watching and learning QMUL PLOSONE PLOSBiology
]). Following this, the boxes were removed, wiped with 70% ethanol, and the targets were refilled with 20 μl 50% w/w sucrose solution. This doubling of the reward volume ensured that the demonstrator would still be sufficiently rewarded if observers began “scrounging”; taking the reward from boxes opened by the demonstrator without opening any themselves. This behaviour was commonplace during pilot studies, so this measure was taken to prevent the demonstrator losing motivation to forage.
The diffusion experiment commenced immediately following pretraining, and the bees were presented with 8 fully closed boxes for 3 h. The experimental colonies were seeded with a trained demonstrator while control colonies lacked one, but all other aspects of the protocol were identical. When boxes were depleted of sucrose solution, they were removed from the flight arena through the flaps, washed with 70% ethanol, refilled, and then replaced.
A total of 6 colonies were used for the 6-day diffusions, 2 of which were seeded with a demonstrator trained to perform the red-pushing behavioural variant , 2 seeded with a demonstrator trained to perform the blue-pushing behavioural variant , and 2 control colonies . A further 4 colonies were used for the 12-day diffusions , following these naming conventions. In the event that a demonstrator died before any observers met learning criteria, a new bee was selected for individual training.
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