Here is how Gorbachev carved his own post-power course over some three decades.
Tsars and Soviet leaders had for centuries died in their posts or, in the case of General Secretary Nikita Khrushchev, spent the end of their lives in obscurity after being forced from office.Gorbachev appeared in advertising campaigns for Western brands to raise money for his newly formed foundation, against the advice of some close to him.
A 2007 campaign for the luxury fashion brand Louis Vuitton showed Gorbachev looking out of a car at the Berlin Wall, with a monogrammed bag at his side and the slogan:"A journey brings us face to face with ourselves".Gorbachev stood on a centrist platform in the 1996 presidential election but received less than one percent of the vote.
Gorbachev helped form a short-lived social democratic party at the turn of the millennium but never ran for office again.German Chancellor Angela Merkel and former Soviet leader Mikhail Gobachev visit a photo exhibition marking Gorbachev's 80th birthday at the Kennedy museum in Berlin, Feb 24, 2011.
He celebrated his 80th birthday in 2011 with a marathon charity gala at London's Albert Hall — hosted by Sharon Stone and Kevin Spacey, and featuring tributes from the likes of Bono and Mr Bill Clinton.The man who initiated the process of"glasnost", or openness, was in the 1990s an early investor in the opposition newspaper Novaya Gazeta.
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