If you agree to provide some of your car’s battery power in times of high energy demand, you’ll get paid, and help make the grid more stable.
V2G means that when demand spikes, utilities can pay EV owners to tap into their idle car batteries—a distributed network of. That’ll be critical as we transition to renewables: Wind and solar power won’t always be available, so we need to bank energy when supplies are low.
Xu’s modeling finds that by the year 2030, only 30 percent of the world’s EV owners would need to opt in to V2G programs to meet energy storage demand. That’s a global average; each country differs in how quickly it’s adopting EVs, how much energy it uses, and the pace at which it’s switching to renewables, among other variables. Depending on the country, the modeling found that participation rates of between 12 and 43 percent of EVs would suffice.
Better yet, the paper suggests that over time, the system won’t even need to rely on parked cars—their old batteries could be semi-retired and repurposed into large stationary power storage arrays. EV batteries usually need replacing once they get to 70 or 80 percent capacity and a vehicle’s range begins to suffer.
The team’s modeling finds that if we did that for half of used batteries, we’d need less than 10 percent of EV owners to participate. “Thankfully, battery degradation doesn’t seem to be limiting the total available energy that could be used for V2G,” says Paul Gasper, a staff scientist at the National Renewable Energy Lab who studies battery degradation and coauthored the paper.
Using parked cars as battery banks is a powerful way to shift energy demand. If drivers charge their cars during the day at offices or as they run errands , they can drive home and provide extra power to their community in the early evening, right as demand soars because people are returning home and switching on appliances. EV owners would also agree that their power company could tap into their battery during extreme heat events, when lots of people are running air conditioners.
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