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Two months after its debut, ChatGPT has more than 30 million users and gets roughly 5 million visits a day. Read more at straitstimes.com.
SAN FRANCISCO – One day in mid-November, workers at OpenAI got an unexpected assignment: Release a chatbot, fast. The chatbot, an executive announced, would be known as “Chat with GPT-3.5”, and it would be made available free to the public.
In two weeks. The announcement confused some OpenAI employees. All year, the San Francisco artificial intelligence company had been working toward the release of GPT-4, a new AI model that was stunningly good at writing essays, solving complex coding problems and more. After months of testing and fine-tuning, GPT-4 was nearly ready. The plan was to release the model in early 2023, along with a few chatbots that would allow users to try it for themselves, according to three people with knowledge of the inner workings of OpenAI. But OpenAI’s top executives changed their minds. Some were worried that rival companies might upstage them by releasing their own AI chatbots before GPT-4, according to the people with knowledge of OpenAI. And putting something out quickly using an old model, they reasoned, could help them collect feedback to improve the new one. So they decided to dust off and update an unreleased chatbot that used a souped-up version of GPT-3, the company’s previous language model, which came out in 2020.In the months since its debut, ChatGPT has become a global phenomenon. Millions of people have used it to write poetry, build apps and conduct makeshift therapy sessions. It has been embraced by news publishers, marketing firms and business leaders. And it has set off a feeding frenzy of investors trying to get in on the next wave of the AI boom. It has also caused controversy. Users have complained that ChatGPT is prone to giving biased or incorrect answers. Some AI researchers have accused OpenAI of recklessness. And school districts around the United States, including New York City’s, have banned ChatGPT to try to prevent a flood of AI-generated homework.Yet, little has been said about ChatGPT’s origins, or the strategy behind it. Inside the company, ChatGPT has been an earthshaking surprise – an overnight sensation whose success has created both opportunities and headaches, according to several current and former OpenAI employees, who requested anonymity because they were not authorised to speak publicly. Before ChatGPT’s launch, some OpenAI employees were sceptical that the project would succeed. An AI chatbot that Meta released months earlier, BlenderBot, flopped, and another Meta AI project, Galactica, was pulled down after just three days. Some employees, desensitised by daily exposure to state-of-the-art AI systems, thought that a chatbot built on a two-year-old AI model might seem boring. But two months after its debut, ChatGPT has more than 30 million users and gets roughly 5 million visits a day, two people with knowledge of the figures said. That makes it one of the fastest-growing software products in memory. The growth has brought challenges. ChatGPT has had frequent outages as it runs out of processing power, and users have found ways around some of the bot’s safety features.The hype surrounding ChatGPT has also annoyed some rivals at bigger tech firms, who have pointed out that its underlying technology isn’t, strictly speaking, all that new. ChatGPT is also, for now, a money pit. There are no ads, and the average conversation costs the company “single-digit cents” in processing power, according to a post on Twitter by Mr Sam Altman, OpenAI’s CEO, likely amounting to millions of dollars a week. To offset the costs, the company announced this week that it would begin selling a US$20 monthly subscription, known as ChatGPT Plus. Despite its limitations, ChatGPT’s success has vaulted OpenAI into the ranks of Silicon Valley power players. The company recently reached a US$10 billion deal with Microsoft, which plans to incorporate the startup’s technology into its Bing search engine and other products. Google declared a “code red” in response to ChatGPT, fast-tracking many of its own AI products in an attempt to catch up.Started in 2015 as a nonprofit research lab by a group of tech leaders, including Mr Altman, Mr Peter Thiel, Mr Reid Hoffman and Mr Elon Musk, it created a for-profit subsidiary in 2019 and struck a US$1 billion deal with Microsoft. It has since grown to around 375 employees, according to Mr Altman – not counting the contractors it pays to train and test its AI models in regions such as Eastern Europe and Latin America. From the start, OpenAI has billed itself as a mission-driven organisation that wants to ensure that advanced AI will be safe and aligned with human values. But in recent years, the company has embraced a more competitive spirit – one that some critics say has come at the expense of its original aims. Those concerns grew last summer when OpenAI released its DALL-E 2 image-generating software, which turns text prompts into works of digital art. The app was a hit with consumers, but it raised thorny questions about how such powerful tools could be used to cause harm. If creating hyper-realistic images was as simple as typing in a few words, critics asked, wouldn’t pornographers and propagandists have a field day with the technology? To allay these fears, OpenAI outfitted DALL-E 2 with numerous safeguards and blocked certain words and phrases, such as those related to graphic violence or nudity. It also taught the bot to neutralise certain biases in its training data – such as making sure that when a user asked for a photo of a CEO, the results included images of women. These interventions prevented trouble, but they struck some OpenAI executives as heavy-handed and paternalistic, according to three people with knowledge of their positions. One of them was Mr Altman, who has said he believes that AI chatbots should be personalised to the tastes of the people using them. One user, for instance, could opt for a stricter, more family-friendly model, while another could choose a looser, edgier version.The race is on OpenAI has taken a less restrictive approach with ChatGPT, giving the bot more licence to weigh in on sensitive subjects like politics, sex and religion. Even so, some right-wing conservatives have accused the company of overstepping. “ChatGPT Goes Woke,” read the headline of a National Review article in January, which argued that ChatGPT gave left-wing responses to questions about topics such as drag queens and the 2020 election. As regulators swirl, Mr Altman is trying to keep ChatGPT above the fray. He flew to Washington last week to meet with lawmakers, explaining the tool’s strengths and weaknesses and clearing up misconceptions about how it works.
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