We suggest that you keep your face mask. For one thing, it helps stop the spread of Covid-19. Oh, and you can use it to build a microphone.
How Does a Microphone Work?
The primary goal of the microphone is to detect this changing pressure wave in the air and convert that to a changing voltage. Once you have a changing voltage, you can use this to make an electric current and send it through some wires. After that, you could either amplify this electric signal, record the signal, or do some analysis, like make a cool auto-tuned sound.
If you connect one of the plates to the positive terminal of a battery and the other plate to the negative terminal, then you get a charged capacitor. This means that one side has some positive charge and the other side will have an equal and opposite negative charge . These two charged plates then create a fairly constant electric field in the gap between them.Suppose this parallel plate capacitor is connected to a 9-volt battery. A volt is a measure of the electric potential difference.
The nice thing about a condenser mic is that one of the capacitor plates can be very thin and flexible. This means that it can move quite quickly in response to higher-frequency sounds, so you might not be surprised that many high-end microphones are of this type. Of course, one small downside is that these microphones need an applied voltage, meaning they need a power source. This could be from a small battery in the microphone or, more likely, power supplied from the audio receiver/amplifier.
One method for making an electret is to take some electrically insulating material, like plastic, and heat it up in the presence of an electric field. When it warms up, the plastic material allows molecules to move around more than they would in a room temperature solid. This allows the positive charges to move in the direction of the electric field and the negative charges to move in the opposite direction to create a charge separation.
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