The three-compound formula, provocatively termed a vaccine by its makers, blocked infections by notorious microbes such as MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Some people in hospital die not from the illness or accident that got them admitted but from germs they catch once there. In the United States alone, there are hundreds of thousands of hospital-acquired infections each year, leading to tens of thousands of deaths.
The resulting cocktail increased survival times in mice whose blood was subsequently infected with MRSA—but, unexpectedly, so did the control formulation containing just the adjuvants. “The [MRSA] proteins were completely irrelevant,” Spellberg says. “We started asking, ‘Could it work against other organisms at well?’”
Collaborating with University of Southern California Ph.D. student Jun Yan and colleagues at AstraZeneca and other institutions, Spellberg found the formula limited blood infections by drug-resistant bacteria such as carbapenem-resistant, one of the leading causes of bloodstream infections, as well as fungi such as.
Several additional experiments suggested the mice’s innate immune system was key to the cocktail’s protective effect. Mice engineered to lack mature B and T cells, components of the adaptive immune system that orchestrate pathogen-specific responses, were still protected by the adjuvant combo, the researchers found. Rodents lacking functional macrophages, sentinel cells that engulf pathogens and are required for the innate immune response, fared much worse.
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