Scientists have figured out how to make platinum more affordable as a catalyst: turn it into a low-temperature liquid.
But noble metals are rare and expensive, so large-scale industrial manufacturers generally opt for cheaper, less effective alternatives like iron.
Platinum normally has a melting temperature of 1,700 °C , which means it is usually a solid when used as a catalyst. Scientists have been trying to make expensive noble metal catalysts more affordable through a process of"miniaturization" since 2011, explains Rahim. "When you miniaturize the system, you're maximizing the surface-to-volume ratio and the atom utilization efficiency so that your overall consumption of the catalyst is smaller over time, and that can possibly make your product affordable," says Rahim.
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