Ice volcanoes are a common sight on the north shore of Lake Superior during the winter months. They require a combination of high surf, cool temperatures and ice.
An ice volcano requires three things—high surf, cool temperatures and ice. For an ice volcano to form, wave activity must be at least a meter tall at their highest. According to Michigan Tech, anything less is too small to create the volcano's cone.
If the cones remain active but become completely enclosed by the ice shelf, wave energy from below can push water up through any cracks or openings—causing eruptions like those shown in the NWS photograph.
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