In a new study, the attitudes of non-Muslim American participants towards Muslim Americans who identified strongly with both parts of their dual identity—Muslim and American—were just as positive as their attitudes towards Muslim Americans who identified only as American. In addition, exposure to dual-identified Muslim Americans was linked to more positive attitudes towards non-American Muslims. The same was also found in the American-Mexican context.
, and relatively few studies have examined people's attitudes towards others with dual identities that simultaneously include both an ingroup and an outgroup.
The researchers first evaluated non-Muslim American participants' attitudes towards Muslim Americans who identified more strongly as Americans , as Muslims , or as both, equally. They also conducted a similar analysis focused on Mexican Americans. There were also signs of a"gateway group effect:" exposure to strongly dual-identified people was associated with more positive attitudes towards the relevant outgroup—that is, non-American Muslims or non-American Mexicans. However, when people with dual identities identified more strongly with the outgroup part of their identity , the gateway effect disappeared, and attitudes towards the outgroup sometimes became more negative.
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