Gut bacteria use super-polymers to dodge antibiotics imperialspark NatureComms
Taken together, the exceptional architecture and biomechanical properties of the F-pilus ensure a robust connection between bacteria during conjugation and biofilm formation in virtually any environment. This phenomenon poses an obvious ecological advantage by guaranteeing rapid dissemination of drug-resistance plasmids in a wide range of environmental conditions while simultaneously accelerating propagation of protective biofilm communities in human and animal niches.
Excess crystal violet was removed, followed by additional 5 times 10 ml washes with water. Stained biofilms were solubilised by addition of 1 ml 30% acetic acid and vortexed until no crystal violet was left on the walls of the glass tube. The absorbance was measured on 10-fold dilutions of resulting crystal violet suspensions using a 96-well-plate reader at 595 nm wavelength.
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