According to new research using MRI data from the largest long-term study of brain development and child health in the United States, higher weight and body mass index (BMI) in pre-adolescence are associated with poor brain health. The findings, which were presented at the annual meeting of the R
Obesity in children is a serious health concern that can have long-term negative effects on physical and mental well-being. It is defined as having an excess of body fat and is usually determined by calculating the body mass index of a child. Obesity in children is often the result of a combination of factors, including genetics, lifestyle, and environment. Children who are obese are at increased risk of developing health problems such as diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure.
“We know being obese as an adult is associated with poor brain health,” said researcher Simone Kaltenhauser, a post-graduate research fellow in radiology and biomedical imaging at the Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut. “However, previous studies on children have often focused on small, specific study populations or single aspects of brain health.”
Kaltenhauser’s study used imaging data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study that included 11,878 children aged 9-10 years from 21 centers across the country to represent the sociodemographic diversity in the U.S.After excluding children with eating disorders, neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diseases, and traumatic brain injury, the study group included 5,169 children .
After correcting for age, sex, race-ethnicity, handedness, and socioeconomic status, the research team used linear models to determine associations between weight and BMI z-scores and the imaging metrics. Resting-state fMRI images revealed that increased weight and BMI z-scores were associated with decreased connectivity in the functional networks of the brain that involve cognitive control, motivation, and reward-based decision-making.
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