Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the world's leading environmental health risk factor. At only 2.5 micrometers or smaller, these particles are small enough to be inhaled and cause respiratory problems, such as asthma and bronchitis, and cardiovascular issues, including heart attacks and high blood pressure. For children, PM2.5 can cause lifelong developmental issues, and for the general population, PM2.5 is associated with premature death.
, increased from 1998 to a peak in 2011, then decreased steadily from 2011 to 2019, largely driven by exposure reduction in China and slower growth in other regions.
"Before this work, there was a knowledge gap regarding quantitative local/regional contributions to global population exposure to PMand its changes," said Chi Li, first author on the study and a staff scientist in Martin's research group.
"Rigorous air quality management in China, which has been most pronounced since 2013, turned out to be the biggest contributor to this global reversal," Li said."More than 90% of the reduction of global mean exposure from 2011 to 2019 is from China, according to our regional attribution.
The team calculated that in 2019, there were still millions of premature deaths worldwide that could be attributed to PMexposure. Careful monitoring, especially in regions that are currently poorly monitored but highly populated, including South Asia and the Middle East, will be critical to ongoing improvements in air quality and to evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation efforts, Martin said.both from satellite, but also from ground-based measurements," Martin said.
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