A recent US study linking higher fluoride exposure to lower IQ in children has reignited concerns about this common mineral. While experts emphasize the proven dental benefits of fluoride and assure the public that current levels in Singapore's water supply are safe, misconceptions persist. This article delves into the controversy, examining the study's findings, addressing common concerns, and highlighting the importance of responsible fluoride usage.
Concerns over fluoride usage have recently resurfaced following a controversial US study published in January, which linked higher fluoride exposure levels to lower IQ in children. The study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association Pediatrics, has sparked significant debate within the scientific community. While some scientists criticize the study's methodology and defend the proven dental benefits of fluoride, others remain cautious about its potential implications.
The controversy has even reached Singapore, prompting Minister for Health Ong Ye Kung to address public concerns on Facebook on January 30.Dr. Liau Chen Hong, a dental surgeon at Raffles Dental, explained that fluoride is a mineral naturally found in small amounts in food and is also available in supplements. In dentistry, it plays a crucial role in inhibiting and reversing the development of dental caries, commonly known as tooth decay. He emphasized that fluoride is primarily found in dental products such as toothpaste and mouthwash. According to the Ministry of Health (MOH), many countries, including Singapore, add fluoride to their water supply through a process called water fluoridation. This practice aims to improve the overall dental health of the population. The PUB, Singapore's national water agency, notes that the country has been implementing water fluoridation since 1957.This recent resurgence of concern surrounding fluoride stems from common misconceptions about its potential harm. Experts, including Dr. Liau, highlight misconceptions such as fluoride causing cancer and lowering IQ. Regarding cancer concerns, Dr. Eunice Foo from Q&M Dental Surgery stated that while some studies indicate evidence of genotoxicity (harmful substances damaging genetic information in cells) at high concentrations, no conclusive link between high fluoride intake and increased human cancer risk has been established. Dr. Sharon Tan and Dr. Felicia Sundram, chairpersons of the Singapore Dental Association's Dental Public Health Committee, emphasize the importance of context when interpreting studies on fluoride. They point out that the January study only found a correlation between fluoride exposure and IQ scores in areas where fluoride concentration exceeded 1.5mg per litre—significantly higher than the levels recommended by global health authorities. According to PUB, the current fluoride levels in Singapore's water supply remain below 0.7mg per litre, well within the WHO's recommended maximum level of 1.5mg per litre.
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